¿Quién inventó la “carita sonriente”?

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Uno de los fenómenos culturales más conocidos de fines del siglo XX e inicios del XXI es la famosa “carita sonriente”. Este simple dibujo, surgió en 1963, como un producto secundario de la fusión de dos compañías de seguros en Worcester, Massachussetts, Estados Unidos. “State Mutual Life Insurantes”, mutual estatal de seguros de vida, compró la compañía “Guarantee Mutual Company”, de Ohio. La unión tuvo efectos negativos entre los empleados y la dirección de la empresa decidió implantar una “campaña de amistad”, que incluía una orden de sonreir en horas de trabajo, cuando se hablaba por teléfono, se atendía a los clientes, se realizaba un pago e incluso cuando se escribía un reporte. Para ayudar a esta campaña, recurrieron a un diseñador gráfico, Harvey Ball.Él dedicó demoró cerca de diez minutos en crear el rostro sonriente,y cobró su tarifa regular: 45 dólares.

El dibujo, impreso en botones, tuvo una excelente acogida; tanto por los empleados como por los clientes. Pronto se empezó a hacer grandes pedidos de estos botones. Varios años después, Bernard y Murray Spain, de Filadelfia, empezaron a producir sus propios botones, además de poner la carita sonriente en camisetas y sickers, ganando una gran cantidad de dinero. A partir de entonces, el emblema empezó a distribuírse en todo el mundo. Se calcula que en el año 1972 se habían vendido alrededor de 50 millones de botones con la carita sonriente. Con la llegada de Internet, el dibujo encontró un nuevo campo donde establecerse, cuando se ideó una forma de comunicarlo con caracteres :) Las subsecuentes variantes fueron llamadas emoticons. Harvey Ball, su creador, falleció en abril de 2001. Nunca patentó su diseño, por lo que no recibió más de los 45 dólares que le pagaron por él. Sin embargo fundó la corporación World Smile, que organiza el “World Smile Day” cada mes de Octubre, donde se recauda dinero para obras de beneficencia.

Via: izarnotegui

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